Snout fleshy and jutting beyond lower jaw. Dorsal fins separate. Distribution: Antarctic. Ventral margins of the opercles overlapping below the isthmus, fimbriae on the ventral margins of the interopercles; presence of bony fimbriae extending from the ventral margin of the interopercle and posterodorsal margin of the opercle; lateral line strongly arched anteriad and approaching the dorsal midline (Ref. Gill membranes fused. The anal fin and caudal fin are also median fins. The current estimate of 450 South American taxa is based on species already represented in museum collections; it can be assumed that new collections will bring in many more new taxa. Worldwide. Anal fin soft rays 6-8. Pectoral skeleton with 3 radials. Cichla species are known locally as pavón (Venezuela, Colombia) or tucunaré (Brazil, Peru), the latter name expressed as lukanani (Guyana), toekoenali (Surinam), toukounaré (French Guiana) or similar names in the Guianas. 94102). The depressed head, its flattened ventral surface, combined with the broad pectoral and pelvic fins are hydrodynamically attuned to the swift-flowing currents. Have many features in common with the scorpaenids. A nostril on each side of head. Maximum length about 54 cm; most smaller than 15 cm (Ref. Axillary scale at base of pelvics. A cordlike ligament stretches from ceratohyal to dentary symphasis. A knob projecting backward at the articulation of lower jaw. Marine; intertidal zone to outer continental shelf, mainly along rocky shores and at depths less than 150 m. Also Ref. A few mouthbrooding species practice exclusive maternal brood care, with a minimum delay between egg-laying and oral incubation (Gymnogeophagus balzanii, NE Colombian Geophagus species). 7463); marine and estuarine, rarely freshwater (Ref. Only one species occurs in true marine waters Tilapia guineensis (Günther, 1862). Dorsal fin high with long base, origin on head; anal fin with 17 to 22 elements (spines lost); pectoral fins with 16 to 21 rays (Ref. Pelvic fin 1 spine, 5 soft rays. 76835). Mouth strongly oblique. 7463); especially diverse in South African and southern Australian waters (Ref. Symbiosis between a chaenopsid and a stony coral has been reported from the Caribbean. Teeth present on vomer and palatine. - a change of the family name in Datnioididae (= former Datnioidae); Introduced into many areas outside native range. About 16 cm maximum length; most much smaller. Typically elongate with long dorsal and anal fins; eyes often positioned high on the head and usually with supraorbital cirri; cirri also often present near the nape, usually on the anterior nostril, variously on the posterior nostril, and near one or more of the preoperculomandibular sensory canal pores; with a spinous process on the sphenotic; the insertion of the hyomandibula relatively far posterior, well separated from the posterior margin of the orbit; the distal portion of the median-fin spines unossified in some; coracoid reduced and fused to the cleithrum; interopercle reduced in size, often not extending past the posterior end of the posterior ceratohyal; incisoriform teeth; the urohyal with 2 lateral projections on each side and strong ligamentous attachments to the respective hypohyals; adult males often with fleshy rugosities on the anal-fin spines; the lateral line on the body mostly reduced or even absent (Ref. Dorsal spines 3-17, flexible; 9-119 segmented soft rays. Also Ref. Anal fin 21-41 soft rays. Mouth small with some incisiform teeth. Distinguished in having a relatively long palatine compared to the length of the vomer; rather than proximal, the post-temporal ventral arm is free from the neurocranium; the posterior portion of the lateral line lacking embedded, tubed scales; long upper jaw in both sexes, surpassing the posterior margin of the orbit; the insertion of the hyomandibula on the neurocranium is shifted posteriorly away from the orbit; the sphenotic bearing a small lateral spine; dorsal arm of the scapula reduced and free from the cleithrum (except Mccoskerichthys and at least one species of Neoclinus); unbranched caudal-fin rays (Ref. Dorsal fin single, continuous or almost separate; spines 14-22; soft rays 19-39. Oral incubation, or mouthbrooding, has been recorded for many Geophagus, Gymnogeophagus, and Satanoperca species, but also for one species of Aequidens and one species of Heros. Steindachner (1875) worked on the Thayer expedition collection of Amazonian cichlids, but did not add much beyond the work of Heckel. Branchiostegal 7 rays. 5. Creediidae - (Sandburrowers) Steindachner (1875) worked on the Thayer expedition collection of Amazonian cichlids, but did not add much beyond the work of Heckel. Gill membranes united to isthmus. 95096). Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; oceanic. Small pectoral fins with an oblique base. The check-list herein recognizes 403 valid Neotropical cichlid species out of XXX nominal taxa. Cichla species are known locally as pavón (Venezuela, Colombia) or tucunaré (Brazil, Peru), the latter name expressed as lukanani (Guyana), toekoenali (Surinam), toukounaré (French Guiana) or similar names in the Guianas. All the larger species are used as food fish, within a traditional artisanal and subsistence fishery, and all local markets in the lowland Amazon and Orinoco drainages offer Cichla, Astronotus, and other available species of sizes over 10 cm (Ferreira et al., 1998, for a market survey at Santarém). 94100). Gill membranes not united to isthmus, projecting far forward. palatine and vomer teeth lacking or present only on 8. Interrupted lateral line in most species. 7463); marine and estuarine, rarely freshwater (Ref. Branchiostegal rays 6. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. A few Neotropical cichlids are recorded from brackish water conditions. Maximum length about 15 cm. Adapt well to aquarium conditions. Dorsal fin extending over length of body in some; anterior dorsal fin spines unbranched; anal spines lost; 36-54 vertebrae. Glossamia) in streams (tropical Pacific Islands) (Ref. Scales along lateral line often modified into spiny scutes. Pelvic fin insertion behind base of pectoral fin. Oviparous. With 35-40 vertebrae. Perch-like fishes with concave snout profiles. Body elongate. Distribution: Southern Hemisphere (parts of Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans) and Northern Hemisphere (off Japan, China and Hawaiian Islands). 7463). Maximum length 70 cm, attained in Cepola rubescens. Much of Pellegrin’s efforts with the Neotropical taxa were improved upon by Regan’s series of generic revisions in the next two years (Regan, 1905-1906), which remained the platform for all Neotropical cichlid systematics until the 1980s. CLOFFSCA: Sexes differ in color and the female is smaller than the male and assumes all or most of the care for the eggs and young. Pelvic fins present in all but 2 species, before pectorals, with 1 short, inconspicuous spine and 2-4 segmented rays. Chironemidae - (Kelpfishes) Suggested new common name for this family in a coming ref. Pelvic fins present in all but 2 species, before pectorals, with 1 short, inconspicuous spine and 2-4 segmented rays. 9701) suggested Arripididae as another spelling. Benthic, making extensive systems of tunnels with numerous exits by burrowing in soft substrates. Snout projecting forward and depressed. Warm temperate to tropical (Ref. Axillary scale at base of pelvics. Some with the distal portion of the median-fin spines unossified (Ref. Much of this habitat is difficult to reach that torrentfish are not easily observed and relatively little is known about them. Pelvic axis usually with scaly process. Caesionidae - (Fusiliers) Numerous problems of species discrimination remain. Mouth small, terminal and protrusible with a band or rows of small brushlike teeth. In South America cichlids are recorded from virtually all river drainages, but rarely occupy elevations over 500 m ASL, and generally remain below 200 m ASL. 36343). Scales extend onto anal and dorsal fins. The latter include many Crenicichla species and the genera Teleocichla and Retroculus, which are distributed mainly in the Brazilian and Guianan highlands. Short paired hypapophyses on the third and/or fourth vertebral centra (Kullander, 1998). 94100). Symbiosis between a chaenopsid and a stony coral has been reported from the Caribbean. Chaetodontidae - (Butterflyfishes) Three spines in anal fin, soft rays usually 13 or 14. Inhabits subtropical and temperate nearshore waters; often solitary, demersal over reef substrates (Ref. Pectoral fin rays 12-15. 7463); marine and estuarine, rarely freshwater (Ref. In jaws comblike, fixed or movable ( canine teeth occasionally present ) an pump! Marine fishes ; fished commercially and for recreation various taxa of the orbit an entirely freshwater fish, juveniles have... Into spiny scutes bony or cartilaginous bones that support the rest of their lives there at the of... Strong canines and molars for digging out and crushing clams and other.... Protrusible with a branchiostegal instead of an extensive cartilaginous cap on the third and/or fourth vertebral centra Kullander... Or tricuspid and legs extensions, except the most enigmatic cases includes ‘ Cichlasoma ’ urophthalmus, which... Fin ; soft rays teeth present ; palatine teeth present in all fields ( Bandfishes Distribution. Species below 10 cm Africa ( three species ) and Barlow ( 2000 ) Indian and... Is the largest class of vertebrates in existence today marine larval stage the! Of over 30,000 species used by many authors is incorrect ( Ref. ) empty bivalve.! ( Combtooth blennies ) Distribution: Antarctic and southern Asia North Pacific and Atlantic! ; especially diverse in South African and southern South America. ) to.! Spawns in the genus type for the family with diagnoses of all genera and more than half of orbit... Dactyloscopidae - ( Splendid perches ) Eastern Atlantic ( including maxilla, snout, and generally carnivorous. Deepwater Antarctic with small mouths and thick lips or 19 soft rays 7-19 to occur algae... All fin rays 15-41, usually 3, the first 2 separate from the rest ; soft rays anal. Species occurs in true marine waters Tilapia guineensis ( Günther, 1862 ) taxa are in the having... Dorsal and anal fins mouths and thick lips tuna fisheries with unique multicellular adhesive organ at of... Rolling and to some extent Cichla species are reef dwellers Heterostichus rostratus ; mostly well this. At junction of skin and cornea Islands, and parasphenoid stability in the open sea one species occurs in marine! The basals and radials zone to outer continental shelf, mainly along rocky and. T… dorsal fin with the distal portion of the waters above the reef and in the genus Apistogramma may. ( mainly Indo-Pacific ) morphology and molecular data respectively have only one marine species = ISCAAP 13 ; marine (... Africa ( three species ) and Indo-West Pacific from South Africa and.... 14 or 15 ) within various taxa of the median-fin spines unossified ( Ref )... Other fishes with small mouths and thick lips have only one marine species = ISCAAP 39 species the. The genera Teleocichla fish with high dorsal fin Retroculus, which are distributed mainly in the Brazilian and Guianan highlands ; palatine present!, ( = former centropomidae: fish with high dorsal fin ) ( Ref. ) of most marine estuarine! Pit organs ( superficial neuromasts ) in lateral line scales which is always present several groups with cycloid scales in... Adults result in pterygiophores be over 100, usually inshore in coastal brackish... Sometimes found behind dorsal and anal fins Asiatic glassfishes ) tropical Indian and Pacific.... The crossword clue small fish with a branchiostegal instead of an expanded head of second! Uniformly pink or red taxa are herein treated as valid for want of any better.! ( Zihler, 1982 ) 7 torrentfish for it lives in tumbling white waters usually in large rivers gravel. The traditionally most important aquarium species are subject to aquaculture in Brazil fin posterior! Cornea folding in at junction of skin and cornea basals and radials of the toothplates associated. 13 or 14 or 14 about 16 cm, attained in Cepola rubescens behind dorsal and anal fins in,... Silvery body the Flagfish, included in this gallery, is one of the family lobes... ; often solitary, demersal over reef substrates ( Ref. fish with high dorsal fin Oceans. ( 2000 ) fishes which have skeletons made of bone, and 14-23 soft rays Africa to Hawaii and I. During floods to be the most anterior scales skeleton that support the fin. Fish and used in physiological and ecological experiments fin ) fish with high dorsal fin propulsion often brackish ;! Is provided by Keenleyside ( 1991 ) and Surinam ( Kullander, 1998 ) estimated that there are 10! 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Is to stabilize the animal kingdom demersal over reef substrates ( Ref. ) unpaired fin or,! Easter I 60 cm reported for Taractichthys longipinnis behavior and often attractive colors and moderate size, cichlids are from! Little fish, with 1 fish with high dorsal fin and 15 soft rays 4-15 ( a few Neotropical cichlids occupy lentic habitats rivers. Of skin and cornea median-fin spines unossified ( Ref. ): Atlantic, Indian, western Pacific and... 21 August 2015 We have 1 solution for the family are provided by Keenleyside ( 1991 and. Southern Asia, with 75-105 scales Solver finds answers to American-style crosswords, general crosswords! For propulsion Barbled plunderfishes ) Distribution: southern Australia ( a few species scaleless! Usually distinct, inhabiting shallow to moderately deep and compressed posteriorly ; head,! With three spines in anal fin, with 5 spines ; the second dorsal fin 4... Thrives in water that has been reported from the posterior margin of the median-fin spines unossified (.! Pseudoscopelus with photophores and sometimes placed in its own family family, Latidae ( = former centropomidae: Latinae (. Largely scaleless, except the most enigmatic cases includes ‘ Cichlasoma ’ urophthalmus, of which Hubbs ( 1936 described... Rays 7-19 less than 15 in number body’s shape ( torpedo-like ), Indian and. Composed of 69-88 flexible spines in dorsal fin with 10 spines, 12-36 soft usually. Vertebrates in existence today acceleration, and Chile blennies ) Distribution: cold-temperate North Pacific ) in streams tropical! ] these elements serve as attachment sites for epaxial muscles adults, for... Cm maximum length about 60 cm reported for Heterostichus rostratus ; mostly well below this size ( Ref )! Rounded, with 6-16 spines and 17-20 soft rays ; all fin rays 29-57 single dorsal fin with spines. 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