"[386], Nine days after the earthquake hit, a visualization and sonification were uploaded to YouTube allowing listeners to hear the earthquake as it unfolded in time. [239] As of March 2012, the Japanese government had recognized 1,331 deaths as indirectly related to the earthquake, such as caused by harsh living conditions after the disaster. [381], It was noted that the Japanese news media has been at times overly cautious to avoid panic and reliance on confusing statements by experts and officials. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami has been assigned GLIDE identifier EQ-2011-000028-JPN by the Asian Disaster Reduction Center. The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku (Japanese: 東北地方太平洋沖地震, Hepburn: Tōhoku-chihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin) was a magnitude 9.0–9.1 (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday 11 March 2011,[5][11][12] with the epicenter approximately 70 kilometers (43 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately 29 km (18 mi).[5][13]. On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 8.9 earthquake struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan, about 130 kilometers (80 miles) east of Sendai. [145][146], Large parts of Kuji and the southern section of Ōfunato including the port area were almost entirely destroyed. There have been no immediate reports of damage or casualties as a result of the earthquake. The magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck at 2:46 pm. [369][370][371] In Tokyo, there was damage to Koishikawa Kōrakuen, Rikugien, Hamarikyū Onshi Teien, and the walls of Edo Castle. [274], To help alleviate the shortage, three steel manufacturers in the Kanto region contributed electricity produced by their in-house conventional power stations to TEPCO for distribution to the general public. [138] A 4-metre-high (13 ft) tsunami hit Iwate Prefecture. There are plans to install new teleseismometers with the ability to measure larger earthquakes, which would allow the calculation of a quake's moment magnitude scale in a timely manner. The system automatically stopped all high-speed trains, which minimized the damage. A few cases of suicide are also included. These include Sendai #4, New-Sendai #1 and #2, Haranomachi #1 and #2, Hirono #2 and #4 and Hitachinaka #1. [263] On 12 March 252 dams were inspected and it was discovered that six embankment dams had shallow cracks on their crests. [190] The surge in Chile was large enough to damage more than 200 houses,[191] with waves of up to 3 m (9.8 ft). The only comparable period was the year after the 2011 magnitude-9.0 Tohoku earthquake, which transferred a large and sudden pulse of stress to the Kanto region (Ishibe et al., 2011; Toda and Stein, 2013). The M 8.6 earthquake of March 2, 1933, produced tsunami waves as high as 29 m on the Sanriku Coast and caused more than 3,000 fatalities. Warnings were issued and evacuations were carried out in many countries bordering the Pacific. A spill of a couple of litres of radioactive water occurred at Onagawa. As a result, the communities in question are now more susceptible to flooding during high tides. [251], All of Japan's ports were briefly shut down after the earthquake, though the ones in Tokyo and southwards soon re-opened. [100] In Antarctica, the seismic waves from the earthquake were reported to have caused the Whillans Ice Stream to slip by about 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in). It was not as bad as the Chernobyl disaster, but worse than the Three Mile Island accident. Thousands of lives were lost and entire towns were devastated. [270] The reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi and Fukushima Dai-ni plants were automatically taken offline when the first earthquake occurred and sustained major damage from the earthquake and subsequent tsunami. [268] Rolling blackouts began on 14 March due to power shortages caused by the earthquake. From the averaged coupling coefficient of 0.5–0.8 in the source area and the seismic moment, it was estimated that the slip deficit of this earthquake was accumulated over a period of 260–880 years, which is consistent with the recurrence interval of such great earthquakes estimated from the tsunami deposit data. [192][193] In the Galápagos Islands, 260 families received assistance following a 3 m (9.8 ft) surge which arrived 20 hours after the earthquake, after the tsunami warning had been lifted. Magnitude: 9.2. (The early estimate of magnitude 8.9 was later revised upward.) [9] A man who is said to have been attempting to photograph the oncoming tsunami at the mouth of the Klamath River, south of Crescent City, California, was swept out to sea. [374], The aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami included both a humanitarian crisis and a major economic impact. [55][56] Many electrical generators ran out of fuel. 466 Sk. Great Tohoku, Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, 11 March 2011. It also was the strongest to ever be recorded in the Tohoku region, as well as the having the largest fault slip ever in human history. Kayapınar/DİYARBAKIR, Nursing home fire kills 11 people in Russia, 2 people killed, 2 others injured in Kabul explosion, 5 PKK members killed in northern Iraq, Turkey’s Defense Ministry says, 320 kilograms cannabis seized in southeastern Turkey, Macron awards highest French state medal to Egyptian dictator Sisi, Qatar Emir Sheikh Tamim welcomed by Erdoğan at the Presidential Complex, Erdoğan: Turkey has always acted patiently in the eastern Mediterranean, Erdoğan: Turkey is one of the rising centers of investment, production and trade. [240] As of 30 April 2012, 18 people had died and 420 had been injured while participating in disaster recovery or clean-up efforts. [300], A report by the IAEA in 2012 found that the Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant, the closest nuclear plant to the epicenter of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, had remained largely undamaged. This motion pushes the upper plate down until the accumulated stress causes a seismic slip-rupture event. [194][195] There was a great deal of damage to buildings on the islands and one man was injured but there were no reported fatalities. Aftershocks decrease in frequency as a function of time following the mainshock. Some houses along the coast in Jayapura, Indonesia were destroyed. Of those who didn't heed the warning, 49% were hit by the water. "Japanese Team Comes of Age, and Lifts a Country (Published 2011)", "What Have Religious Groups Done After 3.11? The tsunami height that had been initially predicted by the tsunami warning system was lower than the actual tsunami height; this error contributed to the delayed escape of some residents. [181] Surges of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) hit Vancouver Island in Canada[179][failed verification] prompting some evacuations, and causing boats to be banned from the waters surrounding the island for 12 hours following the wave strike, leaving many island residents in the area without means of getting to work. In Sendai, a 145,000-barrel (23,100 m3)-per-day refinery owned by the largest refiner in Japan, JX Nippon Oil & Energy, was also set ablaze by the quake. [296] Higashidōri, also on the northeast coast, was already shut down for a periodic inspection. Of these, only nine reactors in five power plants were operating after having been restarted post-2011. One man was killed in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia after being swept out to sea. [36][70][71] Three tsunami deposits have been identified within the Holocene sequence of the plain, all formed within the last 3,000 years, suggesting an 800 to 1,100 year recurrence interval for large tsunamigenic earthquakes. [38] These data are expected to be used in a variety of ways, providing unprecedented information about how buildings respond to shaking, and other effects. Initially categorized as magnitude 8.9, the quake was later revised upward to magnitude 9.0 by the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). [299], The aftershock on 7 April caused the loss of external power to Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and Higashidori Nuclear Power Plant but backup generators were functional. The discrepancy arose as follows: in order to produce a quick prediction of a tsunami's height and thus to provide a timely warning, the initial earthquake and tsunami warning that was issued for the event was based on a calculation that requires only about 3 minutes. [130] The tsunami inundated a total area of approximately 561 square kilometres (217 sq mi) in Japan. This motivated government researchers to look into other ways the earthquake may have had large scale effects on the planet. It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan, and the fourth most powerful earthquake in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900. A magnitude 7.4 Mw at 15:08 (JST), 7.9 Mw at 15:15 and a 7.7 Mw quake at 15:26 all occurred on 11 March. On 11 March 2011, a massive 9.0 earthquake occurred off the Japanese coastline at 14:46. Aftershocks continued, many exceeding magnitude-7.0. of dead or missing tops 22,000; bodies buried in rare measure", "Gradual Restoration of Infrastructure Continues at Disaster Areas", "asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：計画停電で影響が出る主な鉄道（午前７時現在） – 社会", "A Look at the Japanese City Closest to the Quake", "In Japan, Many Undersea Cables Are Damaged: Broadband News and Analysis", "Japan's phone networks remain severely disrupted", "AT&T, Sprint & Verizon Offer Free Calls & Texts to Japan from U.S. [UPDATED]", "T-Mobile USA Waives Call Charges to Japan and Wi-Fi Calling and Text Messaging Charges to and From Japan", "netTALK Extends Free Calling to Japan Through April", "Deutsche Telekom: Konzern erleichtert Kommunikation nach Japan", "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries bids goodbye to F2 aircraft", "Tsunami and earthquake in Japan: latest pictures of the damage", "Air SDF to scrap 12 fighters, citing tsunami damage", "Quake forces closure of Japanese space center", "asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：茨城の宇宙機構施設が損傷 「きぼう」一部管制できず – サイエンス", "Damages to Cultural Properties in "the Great East Japan Earthquake, "An Interim Report on the Situation of Cultural Heritage in Japan after the Tōhoku district -off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake (or Tōhoku Earthquake)", "Piece of Ship from Japan's 2011 Tsunami Surfaces in Oregon", "Japan requests foreign rescue teams, UN says", "Ustream Asia、民放TV各局の東北地方太平洋沖地震報道番組を同時配jmjffr -INTERNET Watch", Listen to Live Coverage from Japan In English from YokosoNews, "Local broadcasters remain calm during the quake crisis,", "Foreign media take flak for fanning fears,", "In Japan, disaster coverage is measured, not breathless,", "First interpreting at government press conference on disaster,", "Japan Relief Headquarters for Persons with Disabilities Petition for Support and Accommodation Following Earthquake,", "New Komeito post-quake initiatives being adopted,", "Japan's PM set to visit crippled nuclear plant,", "New Komeito post-quake initiatives being adopted | Komei News (March 20, 2011)", What 2011 means for Japan in 2012 and beyond, "Sonification of Tohoku Earthquake / Sendai Coast, Japan, 2011/03/11", "Somber Japan emperor makes unprecedented address to nation", "Japan's Emperor Akihito expresses 'deep concern' over Fukushima nuclear plant crisis", "Japan: The 'Big One' hit, but not where they thought it would", "Japan Quake Epicenter Was in Unexpected Location", "Japan earthquake shifted Earth on its axis", "Prompt gravity signal induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake", "How do supply chain networks affect the resilience of firms to natural disasters? The earthquake lasted 6 minutes … Because of conservation of angular momentum, such changes of inertia result in small changes to the Earth's rate of rotation. The plant's 14-metre-high (46 ft) seawall successfully withstood the tsunami. The warning system was supposed to be updated about 15 minutes after the earthquake occurred, by which time the calculation for the moment magnitude scale would normally be completed. Equal joint 3: 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves that may have reached heights of up to 40.5 meters (133 ft) in Miyako in Tōhoku's Iwate Prefecture,[34][35] and which, in the Sendai area, traveled at 700 km/h (435 mph)[36] and up to 10 km (6 mi) inland. [346], The Tōhoku Shinkansen line was worst hit, with JR East estimating that 1,100 sections of the line, varying from collapsed station roofs to bent power pylons, will need repairs. In Ishinomaki alone, there were 17 trash collection sites 180 metres (590 ft) long and at least 4.5 metres (15 ft) high. [297][323] The blaze was in a building housing the turbine, which is sited separately from the plant's reactor,[307] and was soon extinguished. [236] Governments and the military were forced to bury many bodies in hastily dug mass graves with rudimentary or no rites, although relatives of the deceased were promised that they would be cremated later. Another cause of delayed evacuations was the release of the second update on the tsunami warning long after the earthquake (28 minutes, according to observations); by that time, power failures and similar circumstances reportedly prevented the update from reaching some residents. Researchers soon after the full extent of the disaster was known launched a project to gather all digital material relating to the disaster into an online searchable archive to form the basis of future research into the events during and after the disaster. [366][367] [36], The earthquake moved Honshu (the main island of Japan) 2.4 m (8 ft) east, shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm (4 in) and 25 cm (10 in),[38][39][40] increased earth's rotational speed by 1.8 µs per day,[41] and generated infrasound waves detected in perturbations of the low-orbiting Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite. [249][250], An estimated 230,000 automobiles and trucks were damaged or destroyed in the disaster. The 11 March 2011, magnitude 9.0 Honshu, Japan earthquake (38.322 N, 142.369 E, depth 32 km) generated a tsunami observed over the Pacific region and caused tremendous local devastation. 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