Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [227], In addition to Canada's federal government, the governments of several of the provinces and territories of Canada also announced that they would provide immediate emergency aid to Haiti. [264], On the first anniversary of the earthquake, Haitian-born Michaëlle Jean, who served as the Governor General of Canada at the time of the disaster, and who became United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Special Envoy for Haiti on 8 November 2010, voiced her anger at the slow rate of aid delivery. Many are still living in unsanitary conditions due to displacement caused by the earthquake. The number of people in relief camps of tents and tarps since the quake was 1.6 million, and almost no transitional housing had been built. [224] On 23 January 2010, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that the federal government had lifted the limit on the amount of money allocated for matching individual donations to relief efforts,[225] and that the federal government would continue to match individual donations until 12 February 2010; by the deadline, Canadians had privately raised C$220 million. In January 2011, one year after the quake, Oxfam published a report on the status of the recovery. The city, already beset by a strained and inadequate infrastructure and still recovering from the two tropical storms and two hurricanes of August–September 2008, was ill-equipped to deal with such a disaster. Occurring at a depth of 8.1 miles (13 km), the temblor was fairly shallow, which increased the degree of shaking at the Earth’s surface. [185], International rescue efforts were restricted by traffic congestion and blocked roads. Hundreds of thousands of survivors were displaced. [13] The nation's history of national debt, prejudicial trade policies by other countries, and foreign intervention into national affairs, contributed to the existing poverty and poor housing conditions that increased the death toll from the disaster. The earthquake occurred 18.457°N, 72.533°W. [125] From the Middle East, the government of Qatar sent a strategic transport aircraft (C-17), loaded with 50 tonnes of urgent relief materials and 26 members from the Qatari armed forces, the internal security force (Lekhwiya), police force and the Hamad Medical Corporation, to set up a field hospital and provide assistance in Port-au-Prince and other affected areas in Haiti. [284], 12 January 2010 magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake, Charles, Jacqueline, Clark, Lesley, Robles, Frances, Charles, Jacqueline, Clark, Lesley, Robles, Frances, Trention, Daniel, Charles, Jacqueline, Pressoir, Jean-Cyril, Brecher, Elinor, Ian Rawson, managing director, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles. The earthquake's epicentre was 25 km west of Port-au-Prince, the capital. [255], In October 2010, Refugees International characterized the aid agencies as dysfunctional and inexperienced saying,"The people of Haiti are still living in a state of emergency, with a humanitarian response that appears paralyzed". The damaged National Palace in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, after the earthquake that occurred on January 12, 2010. The missionaries claimed they were rescuing orphaned children but investigations revealed that more than 20 of the children had been taken from their parents after they were told the children would have a better life in America. [51][52] A hospital in Pétion-Ville, a wealthy suburb of Port-au-Prince, also collapsed,[53] as did the St. Michel District Hospital in the southern town of Jacmel,[54] which was the largest referral hospital in south-east Haiti. [273], According to the International Monetary Fund, more than half of the 10,000,000 cubic metres (13,000,000 cu yd) of debris have been removed, and 20% of it has been recycled. [33][34], The quake occurred in the vicinity of the northern boundary where the Caribbean tectonic plate shifts eastwards by about 20 mm (0.79 in) per year in relation to the North American plate. [84] The government handed over control of the airport to the United States to hasten and ease flight operations, which had been hampered by the damage to the air traffic control tower. [171] President Préval asked for calm coordination between assisting nations without mutual accusations. [163] Four other MSF aircraft were also turned away. [45] There are concerns that the main earthquake could be the beginning of a new long-term sequence: "the whole region is fearful"; historical accounts, although not precise, suggest that there has been a sequence of quakes progressing westwards along the fault, starting with an earthquake in the Dominican Republic in 1751. He was a research editor with Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. from 2008 to 2016 and worked on Britannica Blog from 2010... People picking through the rubble of their home after it was destroyed by a massive earthquake on January 12, 2010, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. [203], The US Navy listed its resources in the area as "17 ships, 48 helicopters and 12 fixed-wing aircraft" in addition to 10,000 sailors and Marines. The island of Hispaniola, shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic, is seismically active and has a history of destructive earthquakes. [226] The government's commitment to provide C$550 million in aid and debt relief and Canadians' individual donations amount to a total of C$770 million. [29] [214] Following the meeting with Secretary Clinton, President Préval stated that the highest priorities in Haiti's recovery were establishing a working government, clearing roads, and ensuring the streets were cleared of bodies to improve sanitary conditions. The draft of a report commissioned by the U.S. government and made public in May 2011 drastically revised the estimate downward to no more than 85,000. An aerial view of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on January 13, 2010, from a U.S. Coast Guard aircraft, following the 7.0-magnitude earthquake that occurred the previous day. After the quake there were 19 million cubic metres of rubble and debris in Port au Prince – enough to fill a line of shipping containers stretching end to end from London to Beirut. The orphans created by these mass mortalities—as well as those whose parents had died prior to the quake—were left vulnerable to abuse and human trafficking. [151] Treatment of the injured was hampered by the lack of hospital and morgue facilities: the Argentine military field hospital, which had been serving MINUSTAH, was the only one available until 13 January. During this time the Humanitarian Coalition raised over C$15 Million. Haiti struggles 10 years after catastrophic earthquake A country in ruins. Critics noted, however, that the proposed financial scheme for the project hinged largely on previously promised monies not yet in hand. ", "Haiti's Cholera Epidemic Not Waning; Vaccination to Begin", "Haiti, DR to eliminate cholera with $2.2 billion", "Cholera has struck more than 6% of Haitians", http://www.mspp.gouv.ht/site/downloads/Rapport%20%20Web%2012.08_Avec_Courbes_Departementales.pdf, Haiti Earthquake Response – Three -Year Update, "In Search of the Red Cross' $500 Million in Haiti Relief", "7 Years After Haiti's Earthquake, Millions Still Need Aid", "Debut Novels, New Books by Emma Hopper, Quan Barry and Dimitry Elias Léger", Illustration -Major earthquakes in the Caribbean since the 1600s and Haiti earthquake, Haiti Reconstruction: USAID Infrastructure Projects Have Had Mixed Results and Face Sustainability Challenges: Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, 9 October 2013, Aid-workers, academics and journalists discuss the social context of the earthquake and international response, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1908, We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube edition), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2010_Haiti_earthquake&oldid=984632619, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from February 2011, Articles with dead external links from August 2013, Articles with dead external links from May 2020, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Haitian Creole-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 21 October 2020, at 05:32. "A lot of good work was done; the money clearly didn't all get squandered," but, "A lot just wasn't responding to needs on the ground. [42], On 20 January, at 06:03 local time (11:03 UTC), the strongest aftershock since the earthquake,[43] measuring magnitude 5.9 Mw, struck Haiti. [142][143] Local and state agencies in South Florida, together with the US government, began implementing a plan ("Operation Vigilant Sentry") for a mass migration from the Caribbean that had been laid out in 2003. The European Union promised €330 million for emergency and long-term aid. Tuesday afternoon, January 12th, the worst earthquake in 200 years - 7.0 in magnitude - struck less than ten miles from the Caribbean city of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Structures are often raised wherever they can fit; some buildings were built on slopes with insufficient foundations or steel supports. [130] Partners in Health (PIH), the largest health care provider in rural Haiti, was able to provide some emergency care from its ten hospitals and clinics, all of which were outside the capital and undamaged. It was simply designed as a vehicle for donors to funnel multinationals' and NGOs' project contracts. [61], In February 2010 Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings were severely damaged and needed to be demolished. Around 200 guests were killed in the collapse of the Hôtel Montana in Port-au-Prince. January 20: While multiple aftershocks are recorded soon after the initial quake, the U.S. Geological Service reports the strongest aftershock is a 5.9 temblor on January 20 that collapses many already damaged buildings. The focus of the earthquakewas 13km (8.1 miles) below the surface of the earth. [203] On 23 January the Haitian government officially called off the search for survivors, and most search and rescue teams began to prepare to leave the country. [202] In an interview on 21 January, Leo Merores, Haiti's ambassador to the UN, said that he expected the port to be fully functional again within two weeks. [124] A 50-member Chinese team arrived early Thursday morning. You have to understand that the situation is true madness, and the more time passes, there are more and more bodies, in numbers that cannot be grasped. [39] Paul Mann and a group including the 2006 study team presented a hazard assessment of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system to the 18th Caribbean Geologic Conference in March 2008, noting the large strain; the team recommended "high priority" historical geologic rupture studies, as the fault was fully locked and had recorded few earthquakes in the preceding 40 years. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. To be honest, I don't know why it hasn't been done. [220], In the aftermath of the earthquake, the government of Canada announced that it would match the donations of Canadians up to a total of C$50 million. Raymond Joseph, Haiti's ambassador to the United States,[117] and his nephew, singer Wyclef Jean,[118] who was called upon by Préval to become a "roving ambassador" for Haiti,[119] also pleaded for aid and donations. Easing refugee immigration into Canada was discussed by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper,[141] and in the US Haitians were granted Temporary protected status, a measure that permits about 100,000 illegal alien Haitians in the United States to stay legally for 18 months, and halts the deportations of 30,000 more, though it does not apply to Haitians outside the US. René Préval to defer legislative elections that had been scheduled for the end of February. By the end of 2010, more than 3,333 had died at a rate of about 50 deaths a day.[259]. An exact death toll proved elusive in the ensuing chaos. [245], Immediately following the earthquake, Real Medicine Foundation began providing medical staffing, in-kind medical supplies and strategic coordination to help meet the surging needs of the health crisis on the ground. Joel Boutroue, a Haitian government advisor, said that this number would cover "100 percent of the urban area", and observed that it would mean the Red Cross had served every city in Haiti. The election to choose Préval’s successor as president took place in November 2010 after a 10-month delay. Crime in the camps was widespread, especially against women and girls. The International Charter on Space and Major Disasters was activated, allowing satellite imagery of affected regions to be shared with rescue and aid organizations. The American Red Cross announced on 13 January that it had run out of supplies in Haiti and appealed for public donations. The US Geological Survey estimates that about 3 … [73] The Haitian art world suffered great losses; artworks were destroyed, and museums and art galleries were extensively damaged, among them Port-au-Prince's main art museum, Centre d'Art, College Saint Pierre and Holy Trinity Cathedral. [102], In many neighbourhoods, singing could be heard through the night and groups of men coordinated to act as security as groups of women attempted to take care of food and hygiene necessities. [126] A rescue team sent by the Israel Defense Forces' Home Front Command established a field hospital near the United Nations building in Port-au-Prince with specialised facilities to treat children, the elderly, and women in labor. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Haiti on 16 January to survey the damage and stated that US$48 million had been raised already in the US to help Haiti recover. Because many hospitals had been rendered unusable, survivors were forced to wait days for treatment and, with morgues quickly reaching capacity, corpses were stacked in the streets. In addition, less than one-third of the population was steadily employed. [30] The rupture was roughly 65 km (40 mi) long with mean slip of 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in). [237], Prime Minister Bellerive announced that from 20 January, people would be helped to relocate outside the zone of devastation, to areas where they may be able to rely on relatives or better fend for themselves; people who have been made homeless would be relocated to the makeshift camps created by residents within the city, where a more focused delivery of aid and sanitation could be achieved. It was set up in eight hours and began operations on the evening of 16 January. Officials from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) later acknowledged inconsistencies in data acquisition. Efforts to level the worst such buildings, some of which precariously gripped the rims of ravines, were hampered by irate residents who refused to leave. [281], In 2015, NPR and ProPublica investigated the disappearance of US$500 million donated to the American Red Cross for earthquake relief, earlier described by the charity as the result of "one of the most successful fundraisers ever". However, when no surface deformation was observed, the rupturing of the main strand of the fault system was ruled out as a cause. Most severely affected was Haiti, occupying the western third of the island. The investigation reviewed "hundreds" of pages of internal documents and interviewed "more than a dozen" former and current staff members, investigating the organization's claim that 4.5 million Haitians had been helped "back on their feet." Originally slated for December 2015, the runoff was canceled. Further deaths occurred as serious injuries went untreated in the absence of medical staff and supplies. A spokesman for the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the French government had not protested officially with regard to the management of the airport. January 12, 4:53 pm. By 14 January, a thousand bodies had been placed on the streets and pavements. However, allegations of fraud led to demands for a presidential runoff. [270][271] In late October, with over 370,000 still living in tent camps, a second tropical storm, Hurricane Sandy, killed 55 and left large portions of Haiti under water. [70], Minister of Education Joel Jean-Pierre stated that the education system had "totally collapsed". In 2016 Haiti was struck by Hurricane Matthew which leveled entire communities and caused an upsurge in the ongoing cholera epidemic which was introduced to the island by United Nations peacekeepers. [clarification needed] While 20% lacked functioning toilets, this is higher than the population outside tent cities, where 50% lack toilets. The capital remained without power for significant stretches during a given day because of stalled work on the electricity grid. [41], The U.S. Geological Survey recorded eight aftershocks in the two hours after the main earthquake, with magnitudes between 4.3 and 5.9. "[160], An MSF aircraft carrying a field hospital was repeatedly turned away[161][162] by US air traffic controllers, who had assumed control at Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport. The following year the UN finally admitted to playing a role in starting the epidemic, though it did not say that the organization had caused the outbreak. Illegally Given Protected Status, Krome detention center readied for possible influx of Haitians, Haitian orphans rushed to new homes abroad, "Haiti earthquake: Groups urge adoption freeze, believing kids' kin may be alive", "Church, immigrant groups plan to airlift Haitian orphans to S. Florida", "U.S. missionaries charged with kidnapping in Haiti - CNN", Canada hopes to 'fast-track' Haitian adoptions: Kenney, Haitians dig themselves out as quake damage slows outside aid, "Only one hospital open in Haiti's quake hit capital", "Haiti earthquake: ICRC sets up special website to facilitate family contacts", Patients overwhelm medical teams at Haiti clinics, "Fears of violence as Haitians grow desperate for water, food", More U.S. troops, relief supplies to arrive in Haiti today; rescue efforts continue as window narrows for survivors, "Strong aftershock shakes Haiti, week after earthquake", Aid plane turned away from Haiti airport, says medical charity, France and America bicker as Haiti aid fails to reach city, "Doctors Without Borders Plane with Lifesaving Medical Supplies Diverted Again from Landing in Haiti", "Canada determining how and where to direct relief to Haitians", "EU plays down talk of Haiti rift with US", "U.S. military says Haiti airport jam easing", La France critique la gestion de l'aéroport de Port-au-Prince, Beset by logistical challenges, Haiti relief presses on, Descoordenação atrapalha ajuda a vítimas do terremoto no Haiti, "U.S.: Haiti aid bottleneck is easing up – Haiti earthquake", "U.S.: Haiti aid bottleneck is easing up", U.S. Carrier Carl Vinson Joins Relief Efforts, "Vinson Helicopters Perform Medical Evacuations; "Sea Base" On the Way", "Top Navy Doc Predicts Long USNS Comfort Deployment", "Bunker Hill en route to help Haiti mission", "Bienvenue sur le site consacré au TCD Siroco – Page d'accueil", At Haiti roadblock, a lesson in power dynamics, "With the Military in Haiti: Breaking the Supply Logjam", "In Haiti, the Jacmel cathedral clock stopped at 5:37 pm", "Canadian Forces head to port town of Jacmel", "O'Brien: Haiti's cultural core suffers, too", "Symbol of Hope rescued from rubble in Haitian church", "Haiti quake victims' bodies 'piled up by roads, "HMCS Athabaskan, Halifax to be in Haiti early Tuesday", "Canada's big task in Haiti starts on small airstrip", "Haiti earthquake: reaching victims outside the capital", Haiti earthquake: ICRC expands relief effort, U.N.: Over 70 Rescued From Haitian Rubble, "Taiwanese search team rescues two survivors in Haiti", USNS Grasp, Divers Arrive in Port-au-Prince, Begin Port Assessments, Haiti pier opens, road laid into Port-au-Prince, "UN Urges Haiti Coordination as Supplies Flood Airport", "U.S. Fleet Forces Commander Provides Update on Navy Contributions to Haiti Relief Efforts", "Maritime Force Serves as Cornerstone of Relief Operations in Haiti", "Haiti quake victim rescue operation declared over", "10 Americans charged with kidnapping in Haiti", Freed from Haiti, missionary returns 'with mixed emotions', "Apps of Kindness: Crisis Camp Launches 3 New Web Apps for Haiti", "Home grown website to help Haitians rebuild", "How Can Technology Help Haiti? 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